Formative Research

Water, Engineering and Development Centre Site – Water Supply and Sanitation for Disabled People and Other Vulnerable Groups

  • Source:
  • Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC)

  • Summary:
  • The WEDC website provides research to improve knowledge and use of affordable aids, methodologies, and approaches by water and sanitation service planners and providers, and organisations and individuals who assist disabled people and their families in low-income communities maximise their access and use of the domestic water cycle. There are over 600 million disabled people in the world, of whom over 75% live in developing countries. The poorest suffer from inadequate diet, reduced access to health care, and poor hygiene -- each of which contribute to a higher risk of disability. In turn, disability exacerbates poverty, by placing an added strain on already fragile family economies, and disabled people face problems of access to services and opportunities, compounded by discrimination and social exclusion. Despite all these factors, the poor and disabled are largely ignored by governments and development programmes. WEDC aims to help with social integration, restore dignity to the individual disabled person, and reduce the workload of their family members by improving disabled people's access to and use of the domestic water cycle.

  • Keywords:
  • Accessing Water Disabled Patients Evidence Base Formative Research Handwashing (Hand Washing) Nutrition Sanitation/Feces Disposal Stigma Websites
  • Use of Nutritional and Water Hygiene Packages for Diarrhoeal Prevention Among HIV-Exposed Infants in Lilongwe, Malawi: An Evaluation of a Pilot Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Post-Natal Care Service

    • Source:
    • Xue J et al. 2010. Trop Med Int Health October 2010. University of North Carolina School of Medicine.

    • Summary:
    • In Malawi, free fortified porridge and water hygiene packages were offered to mothers to encourage frequent post-natal visits and to reduce diarrheal rates in infants on replacement feeding. Participant retention and infant health outcome were assessed. The majority of participants adhered to their scheduled visits and retention was favorable, possibly because of the introduction of hygiene and nutrition incentives. The infant diarrheal rate was low, suggesting benefits of regular medical care with hygiene package usage and reliable replacement feeding options.

  • Keywords:
  • Breast Feeding/Infant Feeding Diarrheal Diseases Food Hygiene Formative Research Household Water Treatment & Storage Journal Articles Nutrition People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) PMTCT (Preventing Mother to Child Trans.)
  • Trials of Improved Practice: Determining Feasible Water and Feces Management Small Doable Actions for HIV Programs in Ethiopia. February 2009.

    • Source:
    • USAID & HIP. 2009.

    • Summary:
    • Summarizes trials of improved practices (TIPs) research conducted in Ethiopia to develop simple, feasible actions for use by home-based care workers for diarrhea and water management in households affected by HIV/AIDS.

  • Keywords:
  • Diarrheal Diseases Formative Research Home-Based Care Household Water Treatment & Storage Programming Guidance Sanitation/Feces Disposal Small Doable Actions
  • Integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene into HIV Programs: Lessons from Malawi

    • Source:
    • Senefeld S, Powell A. 2009. Catholic Relief Services

    • Summary:
    • Adequate clean water, improved sanitation infrastructure, and better hygiene may significantly improve health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-poor settings. Catholic Relief Services Malawi, with support from the World Health Organization and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), implemented a pilot project to identify household scale changes or actions that could improve WSH conditions for PLHIV. An evaluation showed substantial changes in six targeted behaviors and a reduction in the overall prevalence of diarrhea, suggesting that this is an effective approach to ameliorating WSH conditions for those affected by HIV.

  • Keywords:
  • Accessing Water Diarrheal Diseases Evaluations Formative Research Handwashing (Hand Washing) Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) Sanitation/Feces Disposal
  • Programming Guidance for Integrating Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Improvement into HIV/AIDS Programs to Reduce Diarrhea Morbidity (May 2008)

    • Source:
    • HIP. 2008. USAID

    • Summary:
    • Evidence is growing on the effectiveness of integrating safe water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions into HIV/AIDS programs, but little specific programming guidance exists. This document expands on an earlier August 2006 version with concrete guidance for implementers of HIV/AIDS care and support activities. USAID/HIP and the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program developed these recommendations through extensive consultations with HIV/AIDS and water sector researchers and program implementers and a broad review of the literature from different sectors.

  • Keywords:
  • Accessing Water Diarrheal Diseases Enabling Technologies Evidence Base Formative Research Handwashing (Hand Washing) Household Water Treatment & Storage People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) PEPFAR Programming Guidance Reports Sanitation/Feces Disposal