A recent analysis of indoor industrial air pollutants could be useful for implementing REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). Implementation of REACH should be based on sound analytical methods and targeting of priority chemicals, according to the researchers.
Indoor air can be contaminated by a wide range of industrial air pollutants, from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to endocrine disrupting chemicals. People in developed countries spend up to 90 per cent of their time indoors where they come into contact with many of these airborne pollutants. To add to the problem, the concentration of indoor pollutants could be increasing due to improved insulation and reduced ventilation.
The study examined the methods used to establish the levels of chemicals found in indoor air that are known to pose a risk to health. It also summarised the current knowledge of these levels. This could prove useful to those involved in evaluating substances and managing their risk for REACH. The chemicals include:
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from products such as paints, cleaning supplies and building materials. They cause symptoms such as headaches and eye irritation and some are suspected of causing cancer. Their levels have been measured in a range of indoor environments and their concentration tends to increase in winter.
- Carbonyls found indoors are mainly aldehydes emitted from building materials and furniture. They are suspected of causing cancer and genetic mutations and have been detected in residential homes and workplaces.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most concerning pollutants. Major sources are industrial processes, vehicle exhausts and waste incineration. They are carcinogens and mutagens, highly persistent in the environment and have been found in residential homes.
- Polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are probable carcinogens and are longlasting in the environment. Recent findings suggest that indoor air – possibly through fluorescent lighting and plasticizers – is a major source of
PCBs.
Recently a number of additional industrial substances have emerged as indoor pollutants. Phthalate esters are used as softeners in production of PVC and are present in building materials. Brominated flame retardants are also present in
many common products, as well as organophosphate esters. Synthetic musk fragrances are added to toiletries and household products.
All these chemicals have been found in a range of indoor environments. In addition, there is increasing attention to the presence of pesticides indoors. Lastly the study summarised research on the analysis of pollutants in indoor
dust and suspended particulate matter (PM). Inhalation, skin contact and ingestion of dust have been recognised as sources of exposure, especially for crawling children. Research indicated that the majority of air pollutants
considered are present in indoor dust.
Source – Environment & Health, Feb. 2010, page 5.
