EPA/Winrock Webinar on Charcoal Briquette Enterprise Development: Lessons from the Harvest Fuel Initiative

  • March, 5, 2014, 10:00 a.m – 11:30 a.m Eastern Standard Time (EST).

Charcoal briquettes made from various types of biomass feedstock have the potential to displace unsustainably produced charcoal and significantly reduce biomass consumption, but there are several factors that need to be taken into consideration before scaling up briquetting enterprises. Both the business and technology aspects need to be fully developed and tested before any attempt at reaching scale is made. Some of the questions to consider include:

  • How do we ensure that the briquettes produced are quality, clean burning products?
  • How do we determine which cookstove technologies are most appropriate to use with charcoal briquettes?
  • What are the consumer’s needs and how can we produce briquettes that people want to use?
  • What are some potential business models that can be applied to briquette enterprises, and what tools and resources are needed for them to be sustainable?

Join the Winrock and U.S. EPA “Charcoal Briquette Enterprise Development” webinar on Wednesday, March 5th to hear lessons learned from the Harvest Fuel Initiative’s business- and technology-driven partnership approach for scaling up carbonized briquettes as quality, sustainable, and viable alternatives to charcoal in East Africa. The Harvest Fuel Initiative is a collaboration between The Charcoal Project and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s D-Lab to promote biomass fuel alternatives and clean combustion technologies in the developing world.

Cookstove designs are failing the poorest communities | Source/complete article: Guardian Sustainable Business Blog, Feb 7, 2014.

Excerpts – Cookstoves are desperately needed in refugee camps but current designs aren’t working. Bottom-up innovation is vital.

With all the knowledge and technology we have at our disposal, why is it proving so difficult to design and create simple and efficient cookstoves for the three billion people who use them in the developing world?

This is the question posed by T. Alexander Aleinikoff, the United Nations deputy high commissioner for refugees, who complains that stoves are being designed with little thought for the people who use them.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) gets sent a steady stream of newly designed cookstoves from entrepreneurs around the world, but none of them has so far come up to scratch.

Every year around four million people die from smoke inhalation. Inefficient stoves, which rely on solid fuels, also contribute to climate change and deforestation.

“We’re in the situation where everybody and his brother has invented a cookstove and none of them have really worked well for us,’ says Aleinikoff.

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‘Oorja’ in India: Assessing a large-scale commercial distribution of advanced biomass stoves to households. Energy for Sustainable Development, Feb 2014.

Mark C. Thurber, et al.

Highlights
• A unit of BP and its successor First Energy sold > 400,000 “Oorja” stoves in India.
• Significant adoption driven by value proposition of Oorja fuel vis-à-vis LPG.
• Difficulty keeping pelletized biomass fuel affordable led to a steep drop in use.
• Messages on the health dangers of smoke were absorbed but did not help sales.
• Business-oriented approach facilitated scaling and, later, a pivot to commercial users.

Replacing traditional stoves with advanced alternatives that burn more cleanly has the potential to ameliorate major health problems associated with indoor air pollution in developing countries. With a few exceptions, large government and charitable programs to distribute advanced stoves have not had the desired impact. Commercially-based distributions that seek cost recovery and even profits might plausibly do better, both because they encourage distributors to supply and promote products that people want and because they are based around properly incentivized supply chains that could more be scalable, sustainable, and replicable.

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Fogarty posts indoor air pollution training resources, Source: FIC News, January / February 2014

With indoor air pollution contributing to nearly 2 million deaths each year, it is a serious health problem, particularly in low-resource settings. NIH recently hosted a workshop to help develop the expertise needed to study exposures and their health impacts, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of possible solutions. Those training materials are now available on the Fogarty website to expand their reach to others interested in this specialized field. Topics include the evolution of cookstoves, ventilation solutions, exposure assessment and possible strategies to encourage adoption of cleaner cooking methods, among others.

Global health groups have launched numerous programs to combat indoor air pollution in low- and middle-income countries, but questions remain about their effectiveness in improving health in the targeted households. More research is essential to maximize success.

NIH participates in the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, a public-private partnership led by the U.N. Foundation to improve livelihoods, empower women and children, and combat climate change by creating a sustainable market for clean and efficient cooking stoves and fuels.

More Information

 

Remarks by Radha Muthiah, Executive Director, Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves – National Clean Cookstoves and Fuels Conference, Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya, February 4th, 2014

Introduction and Acknowledgements

Good Morning.

Excellences, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentleman,

It is a pleasure to be with all of you this morning in Nairobi for the beginning of what promises to be an exceptional National Clean Cookstoves and Fuels Conference.

My name is Radha Muthiah, and I’m the executive director of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves.

I’d like to begin by thanking members of the Alliance Advisory Council members and generous donors– the United States, United Kingdom. Germany, Finland, Norway, and the Shell corporation – who have traveled great distances to witness the transformation in the cooking sector that is currently underway in Kenya.

I’d also like to thank Kitala and the entire Kenya Alliance team.  They are a newly formed institution and it is wonderful to see their development this past year and a privilege to co-host this conference with them.

Finally, I want to thank the Alliance’s regional market manager for east africa, Mr. Daniel Wanjohi, who along with the rest of the Alliance’s  team has worked tirelessly to make this conference a reality. Please join me in applauding his leadership.

Global Overview, Call to Action

We are gathered together today because we each believe in the conviction that cooking shouldn’t kill.

But we know that in reality, the seemingly simple act of cooking a meal for oneself and one’s family constitutes one of the most significant  health and environmental challenges in the world today.   This challenge is responsible for the premature loss of 4 million lives every year from diseases associated with exposure to smoke and has gone unnoticed by many in the global community for far too long.    This is the 4th highest health risk in the world.  Of course you know that well in Kenya where exposure to open fires and traditional cookstoves is responsible for the premature deaths of tens of thousands of Kenyans and constitutes the second leading cause of death in Kenya.

Cooking is essential. It shouldn’t be lethal.

And one of the ways the global clean cooking sector is going to solve this problem is to form partnerships and leverage each other’s expertise to deploy culturally-sensitive, clean, safe, accessible and affordable clean cooking solutions.

That, in essence, is what the Alliance is doing. We are a public-private partnership consisting of over 900 organizations across 6 continents, working together to save lives, improve livelihoods, empower women and protect the environment through the creation of a global market for clean cookstoves and fuels.

Such a market will be bolstered by the execution of the Alliance’s core functionalities, such as conducting groundbreaking research, setting global cookstove standards, attracting investors, supporting entrepreneurs, advocating for policy change, understanding and servicing consumers in innovative ways, and more.

I know that our name is Global Alliance for Clean cookstoves but in reality we are focused on more than just stoves.  We are focused on the entire spectrum of cooking solutions from fuels, to stoves, to heat retention devices.

The Alliance is as diverse as the issue we are trying to solve. We are national governments, private companies, nonprofit organizations and NGOs, manufacturers, investors, celebrities, chefs, humanitarians and entrepreneurs all bound together by the conviction that no person in the 21st century should be forced to cook as their ancestors have done since the beginning of human history.

This is particularly true during a time when unprecedented numbers of people are leaving extreme poverty, joining the burgeoning global middle class, accessing better jobs and social services, and aspiring for consumer goods and a better future for their children.

Kenya Overview, Progress

Now, the Alliance is neutral when it comes to technology, fuel, solutions, and partners. We need everyone at the table and everything on the table to achieve our mission and reach our goal of 100 million households adopting clean cooking solutions by the year 2020.

There are over 50 countries that have higher than 50% of solid fuel use for cooking and the Alliance had to prioritize the countries in which it worked to prove that a market based approach to addressing this issue could work and lead to positive economic growth and social impact.  Kenya was one of the first countries that we prioritized two years ago.  Working closely with partners in the government, private and NGO sectors we came together to develop a Country Action Plan for Kenya – a goal of 7m clean cookstoves and fuels with an initial target of 5m by the year 2020.  Many of you seated here today were with us almost two years ago to put the finishing touches on this plan and the same group and more are now working tireless to execute it.  The Alliance and its partners have committed approximately $20m in grants, investment and in kind support to enable the market in Kenya.

Kenya is in every way a model partner for the Alliance.

  • The government had made a strong commitment to advancing a market for clean cookstoves and fuels, with support from the President, Deputy President, to the Ministries and to Parliament. Such an example from the nation’s elected leaders is a crucially important step in having a strong enabling environment.
  • There is a burgeoning group of Kenyan-owned and global businesses working to create jobs and improve livelihoods and earn profits throughout the country. In just its first year of providing catalytic grants to help 11 entrepreneurs overcome hurdles and reach scale, 3 of those were working in Kenya!
  • Nairobi is a world capital, attracting UN and other multilateral and NGO partners that are advancing some of the diplomatic and humanitarian responses necessary to our work.
  • Multidisciplinary experts have either completed, are currently conducting, or will soon begin research across the health, environment, gender and livelihoods aspects of the cookstoves issue – and much of that research has or will have an exclusive or strong Kenyan focus.
  • Early market assessments and consumer segmentation analysis suggests a strong willingness on the part of Kenyan consumers to adopt clean cooking solutions, and the Alliance and its partners look forward to further refining its market and consumer outreach in the country to better serve end users.
  • Kenya has tackled serious problems like this before. Your leadership to ban smoking in public places has led to marked declines in the use of tobacco and provides an important lesson to the rest of the world regarding the importance of government engagement.

I want to give you a quick preview of the four main things you’re going to here announced today, that track with what I’ve just described in terms of the Alliance’s objectives moving forward, and the progress being made in the Kenyan sector.

  • More than $3 million in catalytic grants and loans for businesses, some of whom are operating here in Kenya;
  • New health and climate research and guidelines – all with implications for Kenya;
  • The first official convening of the group tasked with creating definitive global standards to define cookstove cleanliness, safety, emissions performance and more is taking place next week here in Nairobi, and the Kenyan Bureau of Standards has been a leading partner in this endeavor; and
  • We are beginning the transition to demand-side cookstove efforts after working diligently to strengthen supply and create an enabling environment both in the country and worldwide, and we are looking to complete our consumer segmentation work and create marketing and awareness campaigns that benefit the Kenyan consumer this year.

Conclusion

So for all these reasons and more, I know that the goals the Clean Cookstoves Association of Kenya has set for itself  is quite achievable.

And it’s not just achievable because of the passion and expertise that exists among the actors in the Kenyan clean cooking sector. You only need to look to the nation’s history and role in the world to see what is possible when you join together, stand up, speak out and say “it’s time to make a change for the better.”

Kenya is where farmers learned to access fair, market prices for their crops, feeding people and making a living simultaneously; uptake of the cell phone among nearly every citizen of the world can trace its roots to Kenya; and Kenya of course is where the mpesa system originated – where the roots of that cell phone penetration were leveraged to grow into a financial system that allowed people to join marketplaces, trade, sell and consume.

What potential, then, for Kenya to become even more of a leader in the global clean cooking sector.

Like the great marathon runners of your country, you’ve trained for this moment through your experiences, your expertise and your passion to innovate and save and improve lives and the environment.  Now its time to go!

And I want you to know that the Global Alliance is and will always be a willing and able partner in this marathon journey we are on together to 2020.

Thank you all very much.

 

 

U.S. Ambassador to Kenya Robert F. Godec Remarks for the National Clean Cookstoves and Fuel Conference in Kenya, February 4, 2014. | Source: Embassy of the United States: Kenya

Your Excellency, the Deputy President of the Republic of Kenya, William Ruto, Representatives of the Government of Kenya, Members of the Diplomatic Corps, Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves and the Clean Cookstoves Association of Kenya, Representatives of the Private Sector, Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen. Hamjambo!  Habari Zenu!

I am honored to be here with you today in support of clean cookstoves.  Every year, around the world, four million people die or are injured as a result of household air pollution caused by traditional cooking methods.  These deaths and injuries are completely preventable – and that’s why the U.S. government has supported improved cookstoves for over thirty years.  As early as 1980, the U.S. government funded an alternative energy project to study the construction of small stoves in rural areas.  Two years later in 1982, at a United Nations energy conference right here in Nairobi, a competition was held to design an improved cookstove.  The winning design was developed by a Kenyan, Maxwell Kinyanjui.  It was what they called an improved jiko, or stove, and was one of the first clean cookstoves.

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Standard Stove Performance Testing, 2014.

Author: Karen Weinbaum, PhD Candidate, Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley.

Improved cookstove performance tests require trade-offs between logistical complexities and a realistic reflection of cookstove performance outcome in the field. Despite well-documented problems associated with the use of the three different stove performance tests (WBT, CCT, KPT), little research has been conducted to improve these testing methods  and references therein. The most salient issue is the inability to correlate the results of the three tests in a consistent manner, and evidence that the overall efficiencies during daily cooking activities in the KPTs have been highly misrepresented by the water boiling tests .

Controlled laboratory tests do not capture the complexity of real household conditions and behaviors, and thus there may be no direct correlation between performance in laboratory tests and performance in actual households. We thus recommend a two-pronged approach to testing: laboratory testing using local food preparation within the controlled laboratory environment, and controlled cooking cycles in the field for verification, using local users, in their households, all of whom prepare the same meals in order to reduce variability in stove performance testing results due to differences in number or types of meals.

Enablers and Barriers to Large-Scale Uptake of Improved Solid Fuel Stoves: A Systematic Review. Environmental Health Perspectives, Feb 2014.

Authors: Eva A. Rehfuess, et al.

Background: Globally, 2.8 billion people rely on household solid fuels. Reducing the resulting adverse health, environmental, and development consequences will involve transitioning through a mix of clean fuels and improved solid fuel stoves (IS) of demonstrable effectiveness. To date, achieving uptake of IS has presented significant challenges.

Objectives: We performed a systematic review of factors that enable or limit large-scale uptake of IS in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We conducted systematic searches through multidisciplinary databases, specialist websites, and consulting experts. The review drew on qualitative, quantitative, and case studies and used standardized methods for screening, data extraction, critical appraisal, and synthesis. We summarized our findings as “factors” relating to one of seven domains—fuel and technology characteristics; household and setting characteristics; knowledge and perceptions; finance, tax, and subsidy aspects; market development; regulation, legislation, and standards; programmatic and policy mechanisms—and also recorded issues that impacted equity.

Results: We identified 31 factors influencing uptake from 57 studies conducted in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. All domains matter. Although factors such as offering technologies that meet household needs and save fuel, user training and support, effective financing, and facilitative government action appear to be critical, none guarantee success: All factors can be influential, depending on context. The nature of available evidence did not permit further prioritization.

Conclusions: Achieving adoption and sustained use of IS at a large scale requires that all factors, spanning household/community and program/societal levels, be assessed and supported by policy. We propose a planning tool that would aid this process and suggest further research to incorporate an evaluation of effectiveness.

 

Global Allicance for Clean Cookstoves – Terms of reference: study and mapping of global consumer/end user finance models.

This study will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will identify and map the current consumer finance options and actors providing finance globally for consumer durables and provide a detailed analysis of those options with the greatest potential to reach scale in the clean cookstove and fuel sector. This information will be used to inform the Alliance’s strategy for supporting consumer finance and determine where additional resources should be applied in order to have the greatest impact on the market. The second phase of the study will examine viable consumer finance partners and products to serve consumer segments likely to adopt cookstoves in country- level mapping studies. These segments will be identified by consumer segmentation studies already commissioned by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves.

The work plan should be submitted to Stevie Valdez at investment@cleancookstoves.org, no later than Friday, March 7, 2014. Applicants will receive confirmation of receipt of application. All applicants will be notified of the final decision no later than March 24, 2014.

Indoor Air Pollution and Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection among Children in Rural Area of Bangladesh, 2014.

S.M Yeasir Azad, et al.

It was found that use of mosquito’s coils and poor living space increased the incidences of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children. It was revealed that among the children with exposed (ARI) 41(28.8%) were liberated gases enter into their living room during cooking compared to 8 (23.5%) children in the unexposed (non ARI) group.