A Field Assessment of Adoption of Improved Cookstove Practices in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Focus on Structural Drivers, 2012.
Cynthia Waszak Geary, et al. FHI 360.
As this report focuses on improved cookstove adoption, we will operationalize this term for the reader. Adoption in the broadest sense is not an “either/or” event. There is a continuum of cookstove practices that relate to consumer actions to reduce IAP. The first step is the acquisition of an improved cookstove. An improved cookstove is a stove that is more fuel efficient and releases fewer emissions than the one previously used. Usually, improved cookstoves are compared to a traditional “three-stone” fire, but they also can be compared to something more efficient than that but less efficient than the current improved cookstove. An improved cookstove may use the same kinds of fuel previously used (like wood) or something cleaner, like liquid petroleum gas (LPG). Making a change from one kind of fuel to another is adoption of cleaner fuel. In addition, there are cleaner kitchen practices promoted to reduce indoor air pollution that may be equally beneficial as improved cookstoves. 
Chimneys can be built and windows can be put in kitchen walls, for example. Some improved cookstoves require changes in cooking behavior to realize their benefits, such as cooking two pots of food simultaneously instead of sequentially. A final issue with cooking practices is the use of multiple fuels/stoves at one time also known as “stacking” of fuels/stoves. In many households, traditional stoves are used at the same time as improved cookstoves, or the different stoves may be used for different foods. It is not merely the household acquisition of an improved cookstove, but its correct and sustained use to the relative exclusion of less efficient stoves that is critical to improving health, though any movement toward behaviors that reduce emissions are valued.
