Indonesia – Toward universal access to clean cooking, 2013.
Zhang, Yabei; Tuntivate, Voravate; Aristanti, Christina; Wu, Yun. World Bank.
Rural households in Indonesia are likely to rely on biomass cooking energy for years to come. Today, approximately 40 percent of Indonesia’s households—about 24.5 million households, located mainly in rural areas—still rely on traditional biomass energy (mainly fuelwood) as their primary cooking fuel. The Indonesian government’s highly successful Kerosene-to-LPG Conversion Program (2007–12) has resulted in a fivefold increase in the number of LPG users, located mainly in urban areas. But among biomass-using rural households located far from the LPG distribution network, the program’s impact has been limited, with only a 9 percent decline in fuelwood use over a three-year period (2007–10). Rural households are unlikely to switch to modern fuels on a large scale if they are unaffordable and will likely continue to rely on biomass cooking energy for the foreseeable future.
Any strategy to scale up the use of clean biomass stoves requires an enabling environment. This stocktaking exercise recommends implementing a comprehensive strategy that institutionalizes issues of cooking technologies and biomass fuels into the national policy framework, requiring centralized leadership and cross-sector cooperation. To create a sustainable market, both supply- and demandside issues must be tackled in an integrated manner, supported by both technical assistance and financing. A results-based financing approach, which offers incentives and flexibility, is recommended to motivate private suppliers to deliver clean cooking solutions to households.
