Evidence Base
Source:
- WSP. 2007. Washington DC, Water and Sanitation Program.
Summary:
- People living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) require safe water, appropriate sanitation, and hygiene practices more than most, but time limitations, economic constraints, lack of household toilets, and water scarcity have been among the barriers to converting knowledge into practice. Although NGOs and networks of PLHIV have started incorporating messages on safe water and hygiene practices into their efforts, the communication is inconsistent and not always comprehensive. Having found limited field studies that document the connection between water, sanitation, hygiene, and HIV/ AIDS, The World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program-South Asia conducted a study among a segment of PLHIV in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The study was followed by national and state-level consultations to disseminate findings, build consensus, and develop strategies to mainstream water, sanitation, and hygiene safety messaging into care and support programs for PLHIV.
Keywords:
Evidence Base Handwashing (Hand Washing) Household Water Treatment & Storage People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) Programming Guidance Sanitation/Feces Disposal
Source:
- IRC. 2007. Newsletter, May 2007. Delft, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
Summary:
- Home-based caregivers provide critical support for people who are HIV infected and ill in South Africa as in many other countries. However, their role is made more difficult by limited water supplies and in some cases by inadequate toilets. Limits on water supply also compromise the impact of health and hygiene education and promotion carried out by community health workers. Members of four local Home-Based Care (HBC) groups visit households with HIV infected people three times a week in this community. The caregivers undertake a wide range of activities, including fetching water, bathing patients, washing, laundry, digging pits for solid waste disposal, cleaning households and yards, assistance with access to social, health and other services, and providing counselling, information and support.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Evidence Base Home-Based Care People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) Sanitation/Feces Disposal
Source:
- Lockwood K et al. 2006. Baltimore, MD. Catholic Relief Services
Summary:
- The assessment was commissioned by the WHO with the goal of producing evidence-based guidance on water and sanitation needs in home-based care strategies, particularly in resource-poor situations, and to lead to both practical and strategic recommendations at the programme and policy levels, while identifying the most critical measures to be taken by the health sector and the water and sanitation sector to provide short and medium-term solutions in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene support to home-based care. The findings indicate that the water and sanitation needs of HBC clients are severely unfulfilled. The already vulnerable HBC population is regularly falling ill due to diarrhea. Other illnesses and effects of poor water quality are also evident among the HBC clients. In addition, the HBC households are often required to travel long distances to their water sources, which is exceptionally difficult for ill clients.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Diarrheal Diseases Evidence Base Handwashing (Hand Washing) Home-Based Care Household Water Treatment & Storage Programming Guidance Sanitation/Feces Disposal
Source:
- Meier A et al. 2006. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43 (1):117–118.
Summary:
- Our study aimed to identify male and female risk factors (including genital hygiene practices) for bacterial vaginosis; in the course, we, unexpectedly, found male genital hygiene was associated with the man's risk of HIV infection. Because male HIV infection and male hygiene were found to be correlated with one another, we examined the relationship of five (5) hygiene variables with HIV infection in the men in a principal components analysis, controlling for socioeconomic status and other potential confounders. Assessing genital hygiene beliefs and practices in Kenyan men, we found male genital hygiene practices showed bathing genitalia immediately after sex was common, and this practice was associated with access to water, demonstrating the potential acceptability of such an intervention even in resource-poor settings.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Evidence Base Journal Articles
Source:
- Obi CL et al. 2006. Water SA, 32(3):323–344.
Summary:
- HIV/AIDS accounts for a substantial degree of morbidity and mortality in different age groups across the globe, but ripple effects are most devastating in developing countries. People with compromised immune systems are more prone to several diseases than individuals whose immune systems are not compromised by HIV/AIDS, and therefore have greater requirements for potable water. Improving water quality will lead to a decline in child and adult mortality and diarrhoeal diseases in people living with HIV/AIDS. The cross-paths between HIV/AIDS and water have long-term implications for effective water resource management and mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS in the water sector is of the utmost importance; in addition to providing safe water, supply points and latrines should be close to points of use, and appropriate water system design is required to reduce long distances caregivers and HIV/AIDS patients undertake to access safe water.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Diarrheal Diseases Evidence Base Household Water Treatment & Storage People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) Sanitation/Feces Disposal
Source:
- Magrath P, Tesfu M. 2006. Addis Ababa. WaterAid, Ethiopia.
Summary:
- People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of inadequate water and sanitation; in seeking to protect themselves from infection and cope with symptoms, their needs for clean water and sanitation increase. In Addis Ababa, the poor generally have inadequate water and sanitation facilities, and, due to discrimination and sickness, PLWHA often have even more limited access than others. WaterAid Ethiopia researches the needs of PLWHA in water and sanitation, constraints on meeting these needs, and ideas for addressing them through water and sanitation programming by NGOs and government in Ethiopia.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Evidence Base Household Water Treatment & Storage People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) Programming Guidance Sanitation/Feces Disposal Stigma
Source:
- Kangamba M et al. 2006. Baltimore, MD. Catholic Relief Services
Summary:
- In Zambia, HIV/AIDS is still approached primarily as a health issue, and therefore, interventions focus mainly on prevention and treatment. The provision of affordable, accessible and reliable public services is essential in supporting health maintenance and reducing stress for people infected and affected with HIV/AIDS. Reliable delivery of good-quality water and sound basic sanitation are critical in reducing exposure to pathogens to which HIV-positive people are particularly vulnerable. Where water services are inadequate or inaccessible, time and monetary costs of access to good quality water in sufficient quantities are high, particularly for HIV-infected people and their caregivers. An assessment was commissioned by the WHO with the goal of producing evidence-based guidance on water and sanitation needs in home-based care strategies, particularly in resource-poor situations and to develop practical and strategic recommendations to be made at the programme and policy levels, while identifying the most critical measures to be taken by the health sector and the water and sanitation sector to provide short- and medium-term solutions in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene support to home-based care.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Evidence Base Home-Based Care Policy Programming Guidance Sanitation/Feces Disposal
Source:
- Laurent P. 2005. Geneva. World Health Organization.
Summary:
- Poor water quality, sanitation and hygiene account for some 1.7 million deaths a year worldwide, mainly through infectious diarrhoea. Infections that do not occur in healthy persons due to the low pathogenicity or concentration of the microorganisms are more likely to occur in immunocompromised patients. The main objective of the water supply sector has always been to improve people's health by providing access to safe water supply and sanitation, so the growing number of immunosuppressed people, mainly in developing countries, makes it necessary to develop new concepts to protect these patients from infectious agents in drinking water.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Diarrheal Diseases Evidence Base Handwashing (Hand Washing) Household Water Treatment & Storage Sanitation/Feces Disposal
Source:
- Kiongo JM. 2005. Delft, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
Summary:
- A case study on water supply and sanitation conditions and policies in Kenya in the context of the Millennium Development Goals and HIV/AIDS . The study aims to facilitate learning on how HIV/AIDS affects the water and sanitation sector, and how administrators and policy makers may respond to, and cope with the effects of the disease. It provides an overview of water sector conditions and policies in Kenya in the light of Millennium Development Goals; insights into the relationship of these goals and their realization with the broader context of poverty, water resources conditions and management, and HIV/AIDS; illustrations of the influence of the epidemics on attitudes and coping strategies with examples of community and agency/project experiences; and lessons and recommendations on how administrators, policy makers, and donors can better cope with the disease and its implications for the water sectors.
Keywords:
Accessing Water Best Practices and Lessons Learned Evidence Base Handwashing (Hand Washing) Policy Sanitation/Feces Disposal
